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Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) available through bharatbook.com

bharatbookseo — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 09:17:35 +0000

Bharatbook added a new report on "Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) slipped
from an all-time high in production of 885 GWh in 2008 to 862 GWh in 2009."

Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) slipped from an all-time high in production of
885 GWh in 2008 to 862 GWh in 2009. New capacity becoming operational in 2010
pushed production to 1121 GWh and an estimated 1475 GWh in 2011. The wholesale
value from this technology, also known as Solar Thermal power, generated $68 USD
million in 2008, $102 million in 2009, to $362 million in 2010. 2011 sales
should top a half billion dollars at an estimated $545 million.

http://www.bharatbook.com/market-research-reports/energy-market-research-report/concentrating-solar-power-csp.html

The cost of the installed base of CSP at the end of 2011 is estimated at $9.5
billion. Of that roughly 93% of the installed base value is in parabolic trough
technology. By 2015, that percentage is forecast to drop to 70% as power tower,
also called central receiving station technology, becomes more common. The other
two CSP technologies, linear Fresnel reflector and the Stirling engine/dish
design are decidedly lacking although there are a few small projects going
forward. Market Research Report

The seemingly smooth upward curve of CSP productions hides some facts that will
impinge future growth. At least 2,250 MW of planned CSP capacity was suddenly
switched to PV due to the lower installation costs of PV, among other reasons.
Also hidden by the high Spanish feed-in tariff is the somewhat low capacity of
the plants in Spain due to less than ideal solar resources. Due to the global
debt crisis, Spain had considered cutting its artificially high feed-in tariff,
but to preserve investor confidence, has chosen to delay bringing some plants
online and limiting the output of others.

Thermal energy storage (TES) became a big topic in 2011 with demonstrations of
24 hour generation at a plant in Spain less than four months after startup.
Seven to eight hours’ storage appears to be the norm for parabolic trough plants
at a cost of roughly an additional 10-11 % of the plant cost but can yield
capacity factors over 50%, a key to profitability. Power towers operating at
higher temperatures can achieve 10- 15 hours storage at a slightly less cost
penalty.

New development and construction activities will intensify in 2012 in Australia,
India, and China. China has licensed technology from eSolar and plans to build 2
GW of combined CSP/biomass plants in the next decade. India too has created a 20
GW by 2020 solar wish list. Australia continues to study the technology and is
building a world study center of power tower technology.

As 2011 ends, the global capacity of utility-scale CSP will be right at 2 GW
with approximately another 2500 to 3500 MW to be operational in 2012, depending
on several factors. While some forecasters believe the US concentrating solar
power capacity alone will reach 6 GW by 2015, SBI Energy analysis points to
factors that suggest an installation rate that while consistent with the
opportunities CSP represents, is more indicative of the current global economic
and political realities. These factors include the events known as the Islamic
Spring, the overall lingering economic doldrums, and current photovoltaic
pricing wars as well as utility concerns regarding implementation of renewables
on a large scale. While these concerns are not permanent, they will retard
implementation of CSP for a few years.

For more information kindly visit : Concentrating
Solar Power (CSP)

Bharat Book Bureau
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Fax: 0091 22 27812290
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Bharatbook.com Waste-Derived Biogas: Global Markets for Anaerobic Digestion Equipment

bharatbookseo — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 09:11:46 +0000

INTRODUCTION
BCC conducted this study to present a comprehensive picture of recent trends
in the global probiotics industry and to develop market projections through
2015. The study covers the manufacture of probiotics as ingredients and their
applications in dietary supplements and foods. The report identifies key factors
that shaped the historical trends in the sales of these three categories of
products and those that are projected to contribute to future global sales in
the industry. The importance of scientific research, product innovation,
consumer awareness and preferences, and government regulatory requirements are
presented and discussed in detail.

http://www.bharatbook.com/market-research-reports/food-and-drinks-market-research-report/the-probiotics-market-ingredients-supplements-foods.html

REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
Probiotics continue to attract considerable interest in both the business
and scientific communities. However, the manufacture and applications of
probiotics ingredients remain a niche market. Companies with the right mix of
access to proprietary probiotic strains, appropriate processing technologies and
distribution networks dominate the industry. BCC examines the factors underlying
past performance and identifies areas that are important for future commercial
opportunities in the industry. This report presents an informative balance of
the scientific and market factors that are critical in the probiotics industry.
market research reports

SCOPE OF REPORT
The report represents a complete update of the BCC report on the probiotics
industry (FOD035B) published in 2008. The current report covers the recent
developments and trends in the markets for probiotic ingredients and their
applications in supplements and food products. Recognizing the complexity of
probiotics, the scope of the report covers only those probiotics that are well
documented and are currently used in supplements and foods. While focusing on
probiotic–enhanced products designed for human use, the study also explores the
market potential for products developed for pets and veterinary animals.

The report describes in detail recent historical trends in global and regional
sales of probiotics, industry structure, patents and technologies, and current
government regulatory requirements that are relevant to the probiotics industry.
For the purpose of the report, the regional markets fall into the following
categories: Asia–Pacific, Europe, North America, and the rest of the world
(ROW). The report includes profiles of major companies in the global probiotics
industry.

INTENDED AUDIENCE
This report presents valuable information relating to one of the fastest
growing segments of the global dietary supplement and functional food
industries. New information about the genome of existing and emerging probiotics
strains provides solid basis for successful commercial applications in a growing
range of dietary supplements and food products. Gradually, probiotic–enhanced
products are moving further into the mainstream, albeit at different paces,
worldwide. Market projections developed in this study provide a context for
assessing potential growth through 2015, and suggest areas of business
opportunities in the global probiotics industry. Companies already invested in
the industry, and those seeking areas of expansion will find this material
useful in their decision–making. This study will be a resource for readers with
an interest in the growing popularity of probiotics.

METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES
Both primary and secondary research methodologies were used in preparing
this market research report. This report is the result of extensive research
covering materials from diverse sources. BCC surveyed numerous government,
scientific and industry publications on probiotics to develop a qualitative and
quantitative analytical framework for the findings documented in this report.
Communications with various government and industry experts provided
supplemental information on various aspects of the study. Data from the global
investment community depict industry performance and outlook as well as validate
other third party data. The report provides details of the assumptions used for
developing the market projections.

For more information kindly visit : The
Probiotics Market: Ingredients, Supplements, Foods

Bharat Book Bureau
Real Tech Park,
Vashi,
Tel: 09221586973
Email: info@bharatbook.com
Website: www.bharatbook.com
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Bharatbook.com Waste-Derived Biogas: Global Markets for Anaerobic Digestion Equipment

bharatbookseo — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 09:02:06 +0000

INTRODUCTION
Renewable, sustainable energy generation will be the fastest-growing energy
sector over the next two decades. From 2010 to 2016, the market is projected to
rise from $124 billion in 2010 to $217 billion in 2016. Price volatility, supply
concerns, and the environmental aspects of fossil fuels are expected to
accelerate the pace of all non-fossil fuel development. At this writing, the
price of oil has hit highs of more than $100 per barrel on the world market,
while U.S drivers are paying nearly $4 per gallon of gasoline. Renewable
domestic energy supplies are seen as a means of overcoming these problems.
Biogas, a clean fuel derived primarily from waste materials, is an important
alternative to conventional fossil energy.

http://www.bharatbook.com/market-research-reports/energy-market-research-report/waste-derived-biogas-global-markets-for-anaerobic-digestion-equipment-focus-on-europe.html

This BCC Research report provides an in-depth analysis of the world market for
the anaerobic digestion equipment used to transform waste materials into
sustainable energy. Although energy crops are utilized widely in Germany and
some other countries for biogas production, this study will only cover gas
recovered from wastes. The study also examines the equipment needed to collect
landfill gas (LFG), biogas formed naturally at landfill sites.

Four waste types are evaluated as feed materials for the waste-to energy
process: sewage, industrial wastewater, agricultural wastes (crop residuals and
manure), and landfill gas. Three different end uses for the gas are also
examined: municipal electricity production, on-site electricity (and heat)
production, and transportation fuel. The biogas industry is better developed in
other parts of the world than in North America. In addition to the U.S. and
Canada, this report will cover Europe, where the industry is best developed;
Asia, where the largest number of plants are operating; Africa, where the
anaerobic process is rapidly gaining popularity; and other world regions where
biogas recovery is emerging. market research
reports

REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
The need to responsibly dispose of mounting volumes of waste and the
requirement to procure sustainable, secure energy supplies are two of the most
important issues facing governments and industries around the globe. The
production of energy from a number of waste streams (i.e., municipal and
domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, landfills, livestock manure, and
agricultural residues) is a process that addresses both of these challenges.

In the current waste-to-energy market, anaerobic digestion offers the most
sustainable conversion process. Because the technology can be tailored to suit
waste streams of all volumes, systems may be sized for use in households,
commercial enterprises, utilities, and industry.

In this context, it is important to have an overview of the market and the
drivers that support adoption of the best strategies by governments responsible
for sustainable waste handling and energy supply solutions. It is also important
for industry players and technology developers to understand current as well as
future trends in order to strategize their investments. BCC has published
reports that provide broad overviews of waste-to-energy markets. This is the
first to focus exclusively on anaerobic digestion as an enabling technology.

INTENDED AUDIENCE
This study intended to useful to a broad audience. Because they stand to see
the greatest profit from expansion of the biogas industry, manufacturers and
suppliers of anaerobic digesters and providers of anaerobic digestion technology
would likely benefit the most from the data contained in this study. Companies
with plant components, ancillary equipment, and related products also might
profit from the information collected here.

These include manufacturers and suppliers of biogas condensation and upgrading
equipment and technology, biogas distributors, water and power engineering
firms, suppliers of power plants and electricity generating equipment,
environmental management firms, companies specializing in anaerobic digestion
equipment and other water and wastewater treatment equipment, companies
developing additives (chemicals, enzymes, etc.) to enhance gas production yields
and process efficiencies.

SCOPE AND FORMAT OF REPORT
The scope of this report includes the market for biogas to energy for four
different feed sources: municipal and domestic sewage, industrial wastewater,
landfill gas, and agricultural wastes, a category that includes animal manures
and crop residues. In countries where energy crops are co-digested with manure
and other organic farm wastes, they are considered to be part of the market. The
biogas market also is broken down by end use: municipal power generation,
on-site heat and power production, and transportation applications.

A discussion of the market by world region includes overviews of North America,
Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America, and individual profiles for countries
most active in each region. Present market status, biogas production potential,
and policies and incentives that support the industry are given for each
country. All market valuations and projections cover the years from 2000 to
2016. Market figures are based on the revenues derived from equipment sales and
are projected in 2011 constant dollars (i.e., inflation is not computed into the
projection figures). The revenue figures are derived from estimated revenues of
the key players in a particular year.

For more information kindly visit : Waste-Derived
Biogas: Global Markets for Anaerobic Digestion Equipment–Focus on Europe
Or

Bharat Book Bureau
Real Tech Park,
Vashi,
Tel: 09221586973
Email: info@bharatbook.com
Website: www.bharatbook.com
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Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Technologies and Global Markets

bharatbookseo — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 11:31:17 +0000

Fuel cells are viewed as potential candidates for auxiliary power, mobile power,
stationary distributed or central power, and portable product power. Solid oxide
fuel cells (SOFCs) are among the most efficient and cost-effective. Although
relatively high operating temperature limits the range of applications possible,
stationary, mobile, and even portable product configurations are possible.

http://www.bharatbook.com/market-research-reports/energy-market-research-report/solid-oxide-fuel-cells-technologies-and-global-markets.html

Advances in the technology have been made, but sometimes these advances reveal
even more challenges to be met. Slowly, there is the realization that total
dependency on hydrocarbon fuels is not a viable economic option. SOFCs have a
part in securing energy security for the country, improving the environment,
greatly reducing urban pollution, and creating jobs in manufacturing as the
technology advances. They can also provide a cost-effective and
performance-driven rival for other fuel cells, batteries, internal combustion
engines, and coal- or oil-fired heat engines. This study analyzes components of
the SOFC, a technology offering the promise of greatly reduced environmental
impact and excellent performance, price, and efficiency advantages. Recent
historic developments and approaches are described along with recent commercial
developments and the state of the art.

REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
This report can also provide valuable information in terms of assessing
investment in particular technologies and, therefore, should benefit investors
directly or indirectly. Others may find the broad discussions of energy policy
and environmental impact to be of considerable value in understanding the
opportunities and problems in the near- to mid-term.

INTENDED AUDIENCE
This report is intended to provide a unique analysis of the SOFC market and
will be of interest to a variety of current and potential fuel cell users and
integrators as well as competing battery, fuel cell, and conventional power
generation makers. BCC Research wishes to thank those companies, government
agencies, and university researchers that contributed information for this
report.

SCOPE OF REPORT
This report discusses the North American, European, Far Eastern, and
Rest-of-World market value. Target markets are based on optimistic, pessimistic,
and consensus alternatives. This is compared to the conventional power
generation target and peak shifting opportunities. The current market is small,
mainly limited to pilot projects or emerging niches. By 2016, these pilots will
be expanding into commercial implementations. This 2016 market is also
characterized in terms of optimistic, pessimistic, and consensus scenarios.

METHODOLOGY
An in-depth analysis of technical and business literature and published
dissertations; a review of the history of the technologies involved; and
interviews with industry experts, company representatives, federal government
researchers, and university scientists provide an assessment of the outlook for
alternative electrical power storage. Other information sources include product
literature from suppliers, scientific references, conferences, and patent
searches.

Both primary and secondary research methodologies were used in preparing this
report, which is based on interviews with commercial and government sources,
literature reviews, and patent examinations. Throughout the report, past market
data is expressed in current dollars, and estimates and projections are in
constant 2011 dollars. Historic markets (2006) and the projected market for 2016
are provided.

Most market summaries are based on a consensus scenario that assumes no
unanticipated technical advances and no unexpected legislation. When
appropriate, pessimistic, consensus, and optimistic market scenarios
characterize several developmental markets. Totals are rounded to the nearest
million dollars. When appropriate, information from previously published sources
is identified to allow a more detailed examination by clients.

For more information kindly visit :

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Technologies and Global Markets

Bharat Book Bureau
Tel: 09221586973
Email: info@bharatbook.com
Website: www.bharatbook.com
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http://twitter.com/#!/Sandhya3B

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Advanced Structural Carbon Products: Fibers, Foams & Composites

bharatbookseo — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 06:55:38 +0000

The overall goal of this study is to provide a comprehensive understanding of
advances in structural carbon materials manufacturing, their commercial
applications, and worldwide markets. For the purposes of this report, these
materials are defined to include all types of carbon fibers, carbon foams,
monolithic structural graphite, carbon-reinforced carbon composites, and certain
graphene materials.Specific objectives of the study include describing the major
types of structural carbon materials, including key physical and chemical
properties, raw materials, and manufacturing processes. Commercial applications
in which these materials are used will be discussed.Present consumption and
future demand for these materials will be evaluated for the United States and
other major geographical markets. Trends in technology will be analyzed and
forecasted. The impact of governmental regulations will be assessed. The
dynamics of the structural carbons industry will be outlined along with profiles
of key manufacturers.

http://www.bharatbook.com/market-research-reports/energy-market-research-report/advanced-structural-carbon-products-fibers-foams-composites.html

REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
This study is an update of an earlier BCC report that was published in 2009.
The structural carbon materials industry and markets have continued to develop
in the two and a half years since the previous edition was published.The
structural carbon materials industry serves mature markets such as defense and
aerospace, with a wide variety of products satisfying the requirements of
well-established applications. However, continuous technical innovations and
efforts to make structural carbon technologies available for new applications
(at affordable prices) are leading to the development of new
markets.Corporations in the structural carbons industry need understand the
significance of these trends to manage their enterprise and resources
effectively. Users of structural carbons must also understand the effect of
these changes in order to select the most cost-effective option among newly
available products and technologies prior to committing significant capital
resources.

INTENDED AUDIENCE
Over the next half-decade significant change will take place in global
structural carbon products and applications. Technological advances in improving
structure-property relationships of advanced carbon materials and breakthroughs
in the manufacturing processes—resulting in lower costs—will lead to novel
applications. This study analyzes the driving forces that will shape the
structural carbons industry over next few years.

Consequently, the information presented in this study should be useful to:
* Members of the financial community who must understand, assess, and rate the
effect of forthcoming changes in the structural carbons industry based upon the
financial performance of the companies active in this market segment
* Chief executive officers who must effectively manage the assets of their
company so as to benefit from forthcoming changes in the structural carbons
industry
* Directors of planning who must incorporate anticipated changes in the
structural carbons industry into corporate planning documents
* Directors of manufacturing who must implement new structural carbons
technology and products into their operations
* Directors of engineering, research, and development who must incorporate the
latest in structural carbons technology and products into their designs and
projects
* Decision makers at major structural carbons consumers, such as the Department
of Defense contractors involved in aerospace and aircraft manufacturing
* Executives at companies engaged in developing competitive materials and
technologies such as other reinforcement fibers like Kevlar or composites
manufactured with other matrix materials such as ceramics or metal.

SCOPE OF REPORT
This report covers technological, economic, and business conditions in the
structural carbons industry. Although this report is primarily a study of the
U.S. market, analysis and forecasts are also provided for global markets.
Included in this report are descriptions of market forces relevant to the
structural carbons industry and their areas of application.The U.S. market is
presented by type of structural carbons along with growth forecasts through
2016. The driving forces in the industry and the structure of the industry are
also examined.International aspects of the structural carbons industry are
discussed with respect to all the geographic regions and type of structural
carbon material. Lastly, brief profiles of the major manufacturers are
presented.

For more information kindly visit :

Advanced Structural Carbon Products: Fibers, Foams & Composites

Bharat Book Bureau
Tel: 09221586973
Email: info@bharatbook.com
Website: www.bharatbook.com
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http://twitter.com/#!/Sandhya3B

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American Municipal Power, Inc. – Power Plants and SWOT Analysis, 2011 Update

bharatbookseo — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 11:07:40 +0000

The report contains the profile of the company that is involved in the field of
power generation from thermal sources (coal, oil and gas). It contains a
detailed description of the company’s business operations (power plants,
installed capacity, and generation), history, corporate strategy, and business
structure. This report contains a detailed SWOT analysis, information on key
employees (executives), key competitors, and major products and services.

http://www.bharatbook.com/market-research-reports/energy-market-research-report/american-municipal-power-inc-power-plants-and-swot-analysis-2011-update.html

Scope
- Major Power Plants (assets) – summarized and detailed information about
the power plants (assets)
- Operational Metrics (capacity, generation, revenue, sales, number of
consumers)
- Business description – A detailed description of the company’s operations and
business divisions
- Corporate strategy – GlobalData’s summarization of the company’s business
strategy.
- SWOT analysis – A detailed analysis of the company’s strengths, weakness,
opportunities and threats.
- Company history – Progression of key events associated with the company.
- Major products and services – A list of major products, services and brands
- Key competitors – A list of key competitors.
- Key employees – A list of the key executives
- Executive biographies – A brief summary of the executives’ employment history.
- Key operational heads – A list of personnel heading key departments/functions.
- Important locations and subsidiaries – A list of key locations and
subsidiaries of the company, including contact details.
- Note*: Some sections may be missing if data is unavailable for the company.
- industry analysis reports

Reasons to buy
- Gain key insights into the company for academic or business research
purposes. Key elements such as SWOT analysis, corporate strategy and major
products and services are incorporated in the profile to assist in various
business decisions (M&A and JV).
- Identify potential customers and suppliers with this report’s analysis of the
company’s business structure, operations, major products and services and
business strategy.
- Understand and respond to competitors’ business structure and strategies with
GlobalData’s detailed SWOT analysis. In this, the company’s core strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities and threats are analyzed, providing an up to date
objective view of the company.

For more information kindly visit :

American Municipal Power, Inc. – Power Plants and SWOT Analysis, 2011 Update

Bharat Book Bureau
Tel: 09221586973
Email: info@bharatbook.com
Website: www.bharatbook.com
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An Energy Upgrade Can Do More Than Just Trim Energy Costs

admin — Mon, 09 Jan 2012 14:48:16 +0000

An energy upgrade can do more than just trim energy costs. It can help boost productivity, reduce maintenance costs and improve overall facility performance. But success is far from assured. When planning and carrying out an energy project, the facility executive must avoid common pitfalls that can doom a project before it even gets under way.

Before doing anything else, the facility executive should understand the financial aspects of the project. Most finance departments view the facility group as spenders of money rather than producers of money. An energy upgrade project can reverse that perception. Seize the opportunity to communicate the idea to the chief financial executive.

First, determine if the contemplated project is being done on a “capital” or “performance” basis. A capital project entails spending company money and needs to be budgeted accordingly. Myriad financial hurdles need to be analyzed, including costs, benefits and return on investment. Will the project involve spending company cash or will some or all portions of the project be financed? If the latter, will it be traditional financing, a capital lease or an operating lease?

The facility executive should work closely with the organization’s financial group as the project is planned. That way, the facility executive is part of a team as the financing rationale is being formulated by the accounting department.

The facility executive can expect such comments as, “Why do we have to fix or replace the lights, boiler, or HVAC systems, etc.? They work just fine.” The reason is that the project will improve the bottom line and create positive cash flow with solid return on investment. Before saying this, however, the facility executive should be well aware of the financial hurdles and return-on-investment marks that the financial officer will be using to analyze the project.

The second financing model, being used more and more in recent years, is the performance-based energy upgrade project. In that approach, the contractor or energy service company (ESCO) is compensated based on performance (with performance being measured as energy and savings), in some cases guaranteeing that energy savings will result from the upgrade initiative. These guaranteed savings are then used to pay all project costs. Generally, these projects require a long-term service agreement with the contractor to be put in place, with the guarantee validated from year to year.

Performance-based financing mechanisms can take several forms. The project capitalization value can be either on balance sheet or off balance sheet.

Of course, in a performance-based upgrade with guaranteed savings, the contractor or ESCO will charge for taking on the risk that savings will not be as high as anticipated and will have its own overhead and margins to cover. As a result, projects of this nature will generally cost more over the long term than traditional capital projects; that is, the contractor or ESCO will keep a portion of the energy savings to cover those costs, as well as the costs of planning the upgrade and installing the new equipment. A company that can fund an upgrade itself will maximize savings; if funds are available, that’s clearly the best choice. Nevertheless, a performance-based approach is often a very effective way to get energy upgrades accomplished.

There are four basic kinds of performance contractors or ESCOs: those tied to utilities, equipment vendors, mechanical and electrical contractors, or independent engineering firms (consulting/developer based). Performance contracting is a highly competitive arena with marketing sizzle and aggressive savings offerings as the norm. A performance contract can serve an organization very well if critical details in contract negotiation and financing are handled carefully.

Of course, financing is only one element that has to be considered in planning. A good project plan includes a clear statement of vision, goals, objectives and methodology, along with a simple cost-benefit schedule that describes how much money will be spent and what benefits will be achieved.

Inviting Help

Initially, the plan should be packaged as an executive-summary type report for presentation to the financial group. By labeling the first version of the plan a draft, the facility executive invites the finance department to help shape the project — a good way to build an alliance and gain buy-in before requesting formal project approval and financing.

A clear, concise plan, approximately three pages, will illustrate and highlight the financial return or savings associated to the project. In the first version, don’t include any cost-benefit analysis or return-on-investment schedules — the idea is to solicit help from the financial officer in this process and, in the best scenario, get his or her help with the project.

Because the goal is to present energy savings as revenue rather than expense, be sure to capture operational savings beyond energy costs. The project will have an operations budget that will likely be established from a previous year’s expenditure; from the perspective of a financial officer, that baseline operational budget is somewhat fixed or a given. If the facility executive can show that an upgrade will reduce this baseline operational budget, the financial reality is that the savings will go directly to the bottom line or will minimally go into an “other income” category on the balance sheet.

The secret is to not give away all of the potential savings: Some should be reserved or scheduled into an incentive or reserve fund to be used for other project initiatives that may not necessarily reduce energy costs, but may improve the business environment or facility portfolio.

There’s another reason not to build the maximum proposal savings into a proposal: Projects rarely achieve the greatest savings that seem possible on paper. If the facility executive promises that maximum level of savings — and the financial officer builds it into the budget — any shortfall could make the project a failure from a financial perspective, no matter how much money it actually saves. And the financial department will be skeptical of future proposals for energy upgrades; that will help build a bridge between the facility and finance departments, not a wall. Far better to be conservative in estimating savings, and look like a hero if the project actually does better than budgeted.

In discussions about the financial justification for an energy project, it’s important to keep life-cycle costs in a prominent place on the agenda. Many times, a good project is turned down because the financial study is based solely on first cost rather than long-term costs, including operations and maintenance expenses.

Often, a higher first cost will result in lower operating and maintenance expenses; the added expense is recouped over a very short period of time when the cost of operations and maintenance is factored in. This analysis is very easy to assemble; most equipment vendors and contractors are able to produce it.

When doing performance-based energy upgrades, the contractor will most likely promote a more efficient system that may have a higher first cost because of superior return on investment and cash flow impact. An energy project analysis that does not study the long-term operating and maintenance aspects of the improvement may very well leave money on the table. It makes good business sense to look at the project both ways, even if the final decision is to go with lower initial cost.

Because energy upgrade projects don’t happen often, it is worthwhile to consider getting an experienced outside firm involved.

A long-term perspective is also important in preparing an upgrade strategy to present to the finance department. A long-term outlook might help prevent this all-too-familiar refrain: “I did a large lighting retrofit project last year that produced great results — now if I could only get management to approve fixing my boilers, chillers, HVAC or control problems. I wish they had returns like the lighting project.”

Many energy upgrade projects focus strictly on lighting. While this approach certainly will result in a winning project, many times a great opportunity is lost because the lighting initiative isn’t integrated with other energy upgrade projects. The facility executive should consider bundling the lighting upgrade with other measures and build a larger project.

One reason this integrated approach isn’t taken, say many facility executives, is that management won’t approve more money for the other projects. But companies are sometimes willing to expand the budget if a good plan is presented with the budget ramifications for bundling, or if both a capital and performance-based budget are presented. Facility executives who do lighting work as a stand alone and then undertake other energy upgrades afterwards risk being seen by the financial side of the organization as a constant drain on capital reserves or budgets.

Control and Monitoring

When energy upgrades are not monitored and tracked, the initial savings often dwindle over time. In most cases, it’s a combination of small things: temperature set points that are overridden and never reset, or lights that are left on longer. But whatever the causes, the end results are too often the same: The absence of a verification mechanism and lack of interest in validating economies means that costs creep up.

The control and automation system in place is the most effective process for validating and monitoring performance. But that system has an even more important role: turning things off.

In simple terms, a control system comprises two types of points. Monitoring points — inputs — supply critical information regarding status and values associated with measurements; control points — outputs — signal the on-off mechanism of devices. The best way to save energy is to turn things off: shutting off lights when no one is in the room, for example, or turning air handling equipment off at proper times. While there will always be more inputs than outputs, it is important to make sure that there are enough outputs. As a rule of thumb, if less than 25 percent of the points are outputs, it’s worth taking a close look at the whole proposal to assure that it is really capable of producing significant savings.

Reshaping Perceptions

A successful energy upgrade project can bring benefits beyond energy savings. One of those benefits can be a change in the way the facility department is perceived by top management.

More and more, the facility department is expected to be a business unit as opposed to a service unit. That seems completely appropriate, given the range of contributions the facility can make to the bottom line. No matter what the title, the time has clearly come for the facility executive to be part of the top management team. But the facility executive has to take the initiative. An energy upgrade is a good place to start.

Julian Arhire is a Manager with http://DtiCorp.com – http://DtiCorp.com carries more than 35,000 HVAC products, including industrial, commercial and residential parts and equipment from Honeywell, Johnson Contols, Robertshaw, Jandy, Grundfos, Armstrong and more.

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Five Factors To Energy Efficiency

admin — Mon, 02 Jan 2012 16:16:51 +0000

One of the most popular ways of improving building energy efficiency today is through a lighting systems upgrade.
New, energy-efficient lighting systems offer the potential of reducing lighting energy requirements by 35 to 50 percent, with additional savings being realized in reduced air conditioning costs as lower lighting system energy use translates into reduced cooling loads.

When considering energy-efficient lighting systems, facility executives can select from a wide range of options, including fluorescent lamps, compact fluorescent lamps, electronic ballasts, efficient fixture designs and automatic lighting controls. While each of these components is important to the overall operating efficiency of the system, none is more important than the ballast selected. Selecting the proper ballast can make the difference between a lighting system that is simply more efficient than the one it replaced, or one that is highly energy efficient.

All lighting system upgrades today involve replacement of the ballasts. In most cases, the upgrade involves moving from the older magnetic ballast to one of the newer electronic ballasts. Electronic ballasts offer improved operating efficiency over magnetic ballasts, reducing ballast energy requirements by an average of 35 percent. But not all electronic ballasts are created equal. Manufacturers have developed a number of different ballast designs with different characteristics for use in different applications. There are five major ways in which ballast selection will impact the energy performance of the lighting system. To achieve optimal performance from the new lighting system, ballasts must be carefully selected to match the needs of the space.

Electronic Ballast Efficiency
Simply stated, electronic ballasts are significantly more energy efficient than their magnetic counterparts. As a result, the manufacture of magnetic ballasts will most likely be curtailed for general purpose lighting applications.The improvement in energy efficiency achieved by electronic ballasts comes as a result of several factors, including lower internal losses and higher operating frequencies. Magnetic ballasts suffer from core losses that are inherent in the design and operation of the ballast. Electronic ballasts operate without the need for windings and magnetic fields, thus eliminating magnetic losses completely.

Electronic ballasts also operate at a higher frequency than magnetic ballasts. Magnetic ballasts operate at line frequency, 60 Hz. This means that the arc that excites the phosphors on the inside surface of the fluorescent tube is triggered 60 times each second. Electronic ballasts operate at frequencies ranging from 20 to 60 kHz. At these higher operating frequencies, the arc excites the phosphors for a longer period of time, resulting in the generation of 10 to 15 percent more light for the same energy use.

Operating at a higher frequency also eliminates one of the most common complaints associated with fluorescent lamps: flicker. With the arc being triggered at 60 times per second with magnetic ballasts, some people can detect a flicker in the light output of the lamps. Electronic ballasts, with their higher operating frequency, completely eliminate this flicker. While the lamps are still switching on and off with the arc, the higher operating frequency makes it impossible for the eye to detect.
Ballast Factor
One of the most frequently overlooked yet important items when selecting lighting system components is the ballast factor. The ballast factor is a measurement that rates the relative light output of a ballast with respect to the light output of the same lamp operated by a reference ballast. The higher the ballast factor, the higher the light output of the lamps. The lower the ballast factor, the lower the light output of the lamp and the lower the energy use of the system. The ballast factor is dependent on both the ballast selected and the lamp installed.The ballast factor of the units selected for a particular installation will significantly impact the total light output and energy use of the lighting system. While magnetic ballasts were available in a narrow range of ballast factors, between 0.925 and 0.975, electronic ballasts are available in a wide range of ballast factors — from as low as 0.73 to as high as 1.2. This allows facility executives to select ballasts that provide a wide range of light output.

Consider a lighting system upgrade where fixtures with magnetic ballasts and T-12 lamps are replaced on a one-for-one basis. If the lighting levels in the existing system were adequate, simply replacing the fixtures with ones using electronic ballasts with a ballast factor of 1.0 and T-8 lamps would reduce energy use, but it would result in an increase in lighting levels. Selecting a ballast with a ballast factor of 0.88 would reduce lighting system energy use even further while maintaining the original lighting levels within the space. A higher ballast factor would increase overall lighting levels, while a lower ballast factor would reduce lighting levels and energy use.

It should be noted that ballast factor can impact lamp life. High ballast factors generally shorten lamp life and accelerate lamp lumen depreciation. In system designs, these factors must be evaluated against the cost of having to alter the layout of the lighting fixtures.

By selecting a ballast with the proper ballast factor rating for the lamps that will be used allows facility executives to control both light output and lighting system energy use.
Dimming
With magnetic ballasts, dimming was an option, but it was not cost effective in most applications. Dimming controllers for magnetic ballasts were bulky, expensive and not very effective. Most systems could not reduce light output much below 50 percent of full brightness. Dimming tended to increase the problems associated with lamp flicker. Many systems required lamps to be started at full brightness, then dimmed to the desired level. As a result, most applications that required dimming yet wanted the efficiency of fluorescent lamp operation installed two separate lighting systems — one fluorescent and one incandescent.Dimming electronic ballasts have eliminated the problems associated with trying to dim magnetic ballasts. Controllers are small and inexpensive. Light output can be controlled to as low as 5 or 10 percent of full brightness. Flicker at low light levels is eliminated due to the high operating frequency of the ballasts. Costing approximately 35 to 50 percent more than conventional electronic ballasts, this new generation of electronic ballasts has made fluorescent lamp dimming practical, efficient and affordable.

Most dimming electronic ballasts are controlled by a 0-10 volt DC signal from the controller. Some models make use of AC line-phase controller signals, eliminating the need for special control wiring.

Dimming electronic ballasts can be used in any application where dimming is desirable, such as in meeting rooms. While use of dimming ballasts in these applications will save energy by eliminating the need for a separate incandescent system, the real potential for energy savings comes from applications that can make use of natural light.

In spaces with even moderate areas of exterior glass, natural light is available for use in lighting the space. To be used effectively though, there must be a way to automatically sense the total light level in the space and adjust the light output of the fluorescent fixtures as the amount of natural light varies. Dimming electronic ballasts give facility executives that capability.

The typical dimming system uses a sensor to measure the overall lighting level in the space. The sensor, connected to the dimming controller, regulates the light output of the fluorescent fixtures to keep the total light levels constant. A single controller can be connected to all dimming ballasts, or multiple controllers can be connected to individual banks of ballasts based on their distance from the glass. The result will be a decrease in lighting energy requirements of 35 to 75 percent for the typical office application.
Rapid-Start vs. Instant-Start
Electronic ballasts, like the older magnetic ballasts, are available in two basic types: rapid-start and instant-start. Selection of the ballast type impacts overall energy use because of differences in the operation of the ballasts.All fluorescent lamps need a means of starting the lamps as well as regulating their operation once started. Rapid-start lamps have two circuits. One circuit controls normal operation of the lamp, and the second provides a low voltage to the lamp’s electrodes. This low voltage heats the electrodes to between 70 and 100 degrees Celsius in a few seconds, allowing the lamp to light. Once lit, most rapid-start ballasts continue to supply the voltage to the electrodes, resulting in an energy use of two to three watts per 40 watt lamp.

Instant-start ballasts do not heat the lamp’s electrodes to start them. Instead, they temporarily apply a high voltage to the lamp that strikes the arc. Once the lamp is lit, the high voltage is turned off. As a result, energy requirements are reduced. This improvement in energy performance comes with a penalty. The use of high voltage to start the arc accelerates erosion of the emissive coating on the lamp’s cathode, decreasing lamp life. Compared to rapid-start ballasts, instant-start ballasts have a lamp life that is approximately 25 percent shorter. The more frequently the lamp is started, the shorter the lamp life.

The decision to use a rapid-start or instant-start ballast is usually made based on the application. Applications that are switched more frequently, such as those in areas controlled by occupancy sensors, are better suited for rapid-start ballasts. Applications where lights burn for longer times per start can benefit from the energy savings produced by instant-start ballasts, without significantly reducing relamping intervals.

A third type of electronic ballast is becoming more common: the programmed-start ballast. Programmed-start ballasts offer the energy efficiency of instant-start ballasts without sacrificing lamp life.

Programmed-start ballasts apply a low voltage to the lamp’s electrodes for starting, like instant-start ballasts. Unlike instant-start ballasts, programmed-start ballasts turn off that voltage once the lamp is lit. By turning off the voltage, these ballasts achieve the energy efficiency of instant-start ballasts, while providing the lamp life of rapid-start ballasts. While programmed-start ballasts are relatively new, they are projected to replace most rapid-start units.
Power Factor
Power factor is the ratio of active power in a circuit to apparent power. In purely resistive loads, the power factor in the circuit is 1.0. But as electrical loads are added to the circuit that are inductive, such as those from induction motors and ballasts, there is a phase shift in the circuit between the current and the voltage, and the power factor decreases. In most commercial and institutional facilities, the overall power factor is typically between 0.85 and 0.97. In industrial applications, particularly those having a large number of induction motors, it can fall to 0.75 or lower.Power factor impacts the current-carrying capacity of a circuit and the cost of electricity. Depending on the rate structure in effect for the facility, low power factor can carry a significant penalty, costing facilities thousands of dollars each month.

Power factor is important when considering electronic ballasts because they can cause reductions in overall power factor by distorting the current wave shape. These distortions are measured by the unit’s total harmonic distortion (THD). The higher the THD, the greater the ballast’s impact on power factor. Correcting this distortion is difficult and expensive. Although the load drawn by a single electronic ballast is very low, given the number of ballasts that may be installed in a particular facility, their overall impact on system power factor can be significant and costly.

Electronic ballasts that limit THD and therefore the impact on power factor tend to cost more than those with a higher THD, but their additional first costs can be quickly recovered, particularly in applications with a high-cost penalty for low power factor and a high lighting load. High THD generated by electronic ballasts and other sources can also cause problems within other electrical equipment in the facilities, such as the overheating of induction motors and interference in office equipment.

For most applications, limiting electronic ballast THD to values of less than 20 percent will avoid problems with other equipment and low power factor. Electronic ballasts are available with THD ratings of below 10 percent for specialized applications.

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DNV and KEMA create a world-leading energy and sustainability company

The McDonnell Group — Mon, 26 Dec 2011 14:57:07 +0000

Oslo, Norway/Arnhem, the Netherlands (22 December 2011) − DNV has acquired 74.3% of KEMA’s shares, creating a world-leading consulting and certification company within the cleaner energy, sustainability, power generation, transmission and distribution sectors.

DNV and KEMA will form a world-leading energy consulting, testing and certification company that can drive the worldwide transition towards a safe, reliable, efficient and clean energy ecosystem. DNV KEMA will consist of all 1,800 KEMA employees and 500 employees from DNV’s renewable energy and sustainability activities. The new company will be led by Thijs Aarten, the CEO of KEMA, and headquartered in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Mr Aarten will report to a Supervisory Board chaired by DNV CEO Henrik O. Madsen.

“By joining forces, 2,300 experts will meet the needs of an industry in rapid transition and growth. The combination of cleaner fossil-fuel-based power generation and the increased use of renewables will truly make a global impact. This is the strategic rationale behind DNV’s biggest investment ever which, along with DNV’s other 8,000 employees engaged in supporting our maritime, oil & gas and other customers, makes DNV a leading global player in third party and technical advisory roles,” says Leif Arne Langøy, the Chairman of DNV’s Board of Directors.

Strategic and cultural match
KEMA’s activities are highly complementary to those of DNV’s existing renewable energy and sustainability businesses and all these activities will be integrated to form one compelling service offering to the global energy sector. Services will cover the entire energy value chain from energy source to end user, including wind energy, carbon capture and storage, carbon trading, energy efficiency, power generation, transmission and distribution, and energy-related testing, inspection and certification.

The global energy sector is heading for significant changes and investments. The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that USD 10 trillion will be spent between 2010 and 2030. Stricter environmental regulations and increased fuel costs will drive a transition towards cleaner fossil fuel and more cost-effective power generation. This transition, including that towards integrating more renewable power into the energy grids, will require system-wide changes. In the US, Europe and Asia, the shift is already under way and will be partly supported by the introduction of smart grids or intelligent energy networks.

“In DNV, we have found a solid, innovative and international partner that has the same strategic vision, purpose and values as our company. For decades, KEMA has been a highly respected global energy consultant and provider of energy-related testing, inspection and certification services. Both KEMA and DNV have strong traditions as independent leading players with world class technical and business knowledge and growth ambitions,” says Thijs Aarten, the CEO of KEMA.

“Over the past two decades, we have become a leading certifier and technical adviser on renewable energy. But to fulfil our ambition of really impacting our customers’ transition towards a low carbon economy we need to also provide independent certification and technical advice to the power generation, transmission and distribution sector. KEMA is globally recognised in this mission sector and is thus a perfect strategic fit,” says Henrik O. Madsen, the CEO of DNV.

“Through organic growth and acquisitions, we have built significant capacity relating to renewable and cleaner energy, such as wind and solar energy and carbon capture and storage. In addition, DNV has recently developed power transmission and distribution capabilities, a field in which KEMA is already a global leader. The acquisition of 74.3% of KEMA’s shares is a huge step towards achieving our ambitions and widens our portfolio, which includes our traditional maritime and oil & gas businesses,” says Mr Madsen.

“DNV KEMA’s core markets are in Europe, North America and China and the new company will benefit our customers by providing them with a broader portfolio of services across the entire energy value chain,” adds Mr Aarten.

While DNV becomes the majority shareholder with a 74.3% share, Alliander retains its holding (25.4%) as does Cogas (0.3%). The transaction is subject to the approval of the US, Dutch and German competition authorities.

About DNV
DNV (www.dnv.com) is a global provider of services for managing risk and helping customers to safely and responsibly improve their business performance. Organised as an independent, private foundation, DNV’s objective is to safeguard life, property and the environment. The company serves a range of industries, with a special focus on the maritime and energy sectors. Established in 1864, DNV has a global presence with headquarters in Oslo, Norway. Its prime assets are the knowledge and expertise of its 8,500 employees from 98 nations.

About KEMA
KEMA (www.kema.com), founded in 1927, is an independent, knowledge-based company that is active worldwide in the energy value chain and specialises in delivering world class services in the fields of business and technical consultancy, operational support, measurement & inspections, and testing & certification. As an independent business, KEMA advises and supports government bodies as well as producers, suppliers and end-users of energy and manufacturers of electricity transmission and distribution equipment. More than 1,800 professionals work at KEMA, which has branches and representatives in over 20 countries around the world.

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Energy & Communications Infrastructure Construction in Saudi Arabia to 2015: Market Snapshot

bharatbookseo — Thu, 24 Nov 2011 12:09:03 +0000

Energy & Communications Infrastructure Construction in Saudi Arabia to 2015:
Market Snapshot contains detailed historic and forecast construction sales value
of the overall category in which it is classified.

http://www.bharatbook.com/detail.asp?id=211737&rt=Energy-Communications-Infrastructure-Construction-in-Saudi-Arabia-to-2015-Market-Snapshot.html

Summary
This report is the result of extensive market research covering the energy &
communications infrastructure construction market in Saudi Arabia. It provides
detailed historic and forecast sales value, segmented at market level. Energy &
Communications Infrastructure Construction in Saudi Arabia to 2015: Market
Snapshot provides a top-level overview and detailed insight into the operating
environment of the construction industry in Saudi Arabia. It is an essential
tool for companies active across the Saudi Arabia construction value chain and
for new players considering entering the market.
industry analysis reports

Scope
• Overview of the energy & communications infrastructure construction market in
Saudi Arabia
• Analysis of the energy & communications infrastructure construction market
including full year 2010 sales value and forecasts till 2015
• Historic and forecast sales value for the energy & communications
infrastructure construction market for the period 2005 through 2015
• Historic and forecast share value across infrastructure construction market
for 2010 and 2015

Reasons To Buy
• Gives you important figures for energy & communications infrastructure
construction market in Japan
• Allows you to analyze the market as the report offers detailed historic and
forecast values
• Provides you with information on sales segmentation in the infrastructure
construction market
• Enhance your knowledge of the market with key figures on sales values and
segmentation by category for the historic period
• Allows you to plan future business decisions using the report’s forecast
figures for the market

For more information kindly visit :

http://www.bharatbook.com/detail.asp?id=211737&rt=Energy-Communications-Infrastructure-Construction-in-Saudi-Arabia-to-2015-Market-Snapshot.html

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Jamaica Energy Report available through bharatbook

bharatbookseo — Fri, 07 Oct 2011 10:32:19 +0000

In line with the government target of 15% of renewable in the energy consumption by 2020, the share of renewables is increasing with the commissioning of the second wind power plant (Wigton –2). Latin America’s total energy production slightly fell by around 2%. Again hydrocarbons producing countries of which Venezuela and Mexico were more largely impacted. Furthermore the net exporting region Latin America experienced a cut of -4% in its trade surplus.
(http://www.bharatbook.com/detail.asp?id=143523&rt=Jamaica-Energy-Report.html )

What you will find in this report
Jamaica energy market report is a reliable source for understanding the key issues and dynamics shaping the Jamaican energy industry. With timely, up-to-date energy industry data and demand forecasts, this report will help you identify and exploit challenges and opportunities in the Jamaican energy sector. The report details the sub-sectors of the energy industry (Crude Oil, refined oil products, Natural Gas, Coal, Electricity and Renewable) in Jamaica. In this report you will find:

• Multi-energy approach: oil, oil products, gas & LNG, power, coal, renewable
• Recent energy and climate change policy development, and an assessment of its impact
• Key companies operating in each sub-segment of the Jamaican energy industry, and assessment of the competitive landscape.
• Up-to-date insight on market structures, regulatory developments, and asset developments
• Supply & demand overview and trends, with a detailed breakdown by energy and by sector
• Historical data and trends relating to production, consumption, imports, exports and reserves for each industry sub-segment
• Energy projects under development in the country
• Key drivers of change and future issues for each energy type

For more information kindly visit : http://www.bharatbook.com/detail.asp?id=143523&rt=Jamaica-Energy-Report.html

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United Kingdom electricity market report available through bharatbook

bharatbookseo — Fri, 07 Oct 2011 09:59:42 +0000

United Kingdom electricity market report offers a precise and reliable overview of the electricity market in the country. The report provides a complete picture of the national country situation, dynamics, current issues and future prospects. With timely updated electricity market data and continuous follow-up of the economic and strategic news, this report brings clear and insightful analysis, to help tackle national challenges and opportunities of the power sector.
(
http://www.bharatbook.com/detail.asp?id=199902&rt=United-Kingdom-electricity-market-report.html )

Table of Contents:

LIST OF GRAPHS & TABLES
GENERAL OVERVIEW
INSTITUTIONS AND ENERGY POLICY
POWER UTILITIES
POWER SUPPLY
ELECTRICITY PRICES
CONSUMPTION
ISSUES AND PROSPECTS
DATA TABLES

List of Tables
Table 1: Economic indicators: Population, GNP growth, Imports & exports, Inflation rate, exchange rate, Energy security indicators, Energy efficiency indicators, Transport & distribution losses, Power plants efficiency, CO2 emissions
Table 2: Electricity Supply indicators: Electricity capacity detailed by source, Electricity production, Power production by technology (5 technologies), Power plants inputs, External trade, Supply efficiency indicators,
Table 3: Electricity Demand indicators: Electricity consumption by sector, Market share of electricity in final consumption, Electricity consumption per capita, Electricity consumption trends, Electricity intensity index, total and by sector

For more information kindly visit :

http://www.bharatbook.com/detail.asp?id=199902&rt=United-Kingdom-electricity-market-report.html

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Ukraine electricity market report available through bharatbook

bharatbookseo — Fri, 07 Oct 2011 09:50:32 +0000

Ukraine electricity market report offers a precise and reliable overview of the electricity market in the country. The report provides a complete picture of the national country situation, dynamics, current issues and future prospects. With timely updated electricity market data and continuous follow-up of the economic and strategic news, this report brings clear and insightful analysis, to help tackle national challenges and opportunities of the power sector.
(

http://www.bharatbook.com/detail.asp?id=206776&rt=Ukraine-electricity-market-report.html)

Table of Contents :

LIST OF GRAPHS & TABLES
GENERAL OVERVIEW
INSTITUTIONS AND ENERGY POLICY
POWER UTILITIES
POWER SUPPLY
ELECTRICITY PRICES
CONSUMPTION
ISSUES AND PROSPECTS
DATA TABLES

List of Tables
Table 1: Economic indicators

* Population, GNP growth
* Imports & exports
* Inflation rate, exchange rate
* Energy security indicators
* Energy efficiency indicators
o Transport & distribution losses
o Power plants efficiency
* CO2 emissions

For more information kindly visit :

http://www.bharatbook.com/detail.asp?id=206776&rt=Ukraine-electricity-market-report.html

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Sweden energy report available through bharatbook

bharatbookseo — Fri, 07 Oct 2011 08:55:10 +0000

The country’s first LNG terminal should be commissioned in mid-2011 in Brunnsviksholme, with a capacity of 470 mcm/year. Contract for the SwedLit power interconnection by 2015 was awarded to ABB in end-2010.These actions are occurring as Europe is facing the consequences of the economic and financial crisis. Europe’s consumptions shrank by 5% and primary production faced a noticeable drop as well. The trade deficit was reduced by 8%, respectively due to substantial cuts in energy imports.
(
http://www.bharatbook.com/detail.asp?id=129629&rt=Sweden-energy-report.html )

What you will find in this report

Sweden energy market report is a reliable source for understanding the key issues and dynamics shaping the Swedish energy industry. With timely, up-to-date energy industry data and demand forecasts, this report will help you identify and exploit challenges and opportunities in the Swedish energy sector. The report details the sub-sectors of the energy industry (Crude Oil, refined oil products, Natural Gas, Coal, Electricity and Renewable) in Sweden.

In this report you will find:

• Multi-energy approach: oil, oil products, gas & LNG, power, coal, renewable
• Recent energy and climate change policy development, and an assessment of its impact
• Key companies operating in each sub-segment of the Swedish energy industry, and assessment of the competitive landscape.
• Up-to-date insight on market structures, regulatory developments, and asset developments
• Market dynamics and trends, detailed by energy and by sector
• Analysis supported by a large number of time series on production, consumption, imports, exports and reserves for each industry sub-segment
• Projects under development in the country, including power plants, refineries, LNG terminals, gas pipelines
• Analysis of the likely evolution of the market and key industry drivers

For more information kindly visit :

http://www.bharatbook.com/detail.asp?id=129629&rt=Sweden-energy-report.html

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Russia electricity market report available through bharatbook

bharatbookseo — Fri, 07 Oct 2011 06:03:31 +0000

Russia electricity market report offers a precise and reliable overview of the electricity market in the country. The report provides a complete picture of the national country situation, dynamics, current issues and future prospects. With timely updated electricity market data and continuous follow-up of the economic and strategic news, this report brings clear and insightful analysis, to help tackle national challenges and opportunities of the power sector.
(

http://www.bharatbook.com/detail.asp?id=199901&rt=Russia-electricity-market-report-.html)

Table of Contents:

LIST OF GRAPHS & TABLES
GENERAL OVERVIEW
INSTITUTIONS AND ENERGY POLICY
POWER UTILITIES
POWER SUPPLY
ELECTRICITY PRICES
CONSUMPTION
ISSUES AND PROSPECTS
DATA TABLES

For more information kindly visit :

http://www.bharatbook.com/detail.asp?id=199901&rt=Russia-electricity-market-report-.html

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